How to Pass a Fire Pump Performance Test on the First Try

Fire pumps are critical components in fire protection systems, ensuring adequate water flow and pressure during emergencies. To guarantee their reliability, most authorities require a fire pump performance test before commissioning or at scheduled intervals. However, many contractors and facility managers face unexpected failures due to improper preparation, incomplete documentation, or system issues.

In this guide, we’ll share practical steps, expert tips, and technical insights to help you pass a fire pump performance test on the first try. Whether you’re working with UL-listed, NFPA 20-compliant, diesel-driven, electric-driven, or vertical turbine fire pumps, this article provides everything you need to prepare, test, and succeed.

1. Understand the Purpose of a Fire Pump Performance Test

Before preparing, it’s crucial to understand why fire pump tests are required:

• Safety Compliance: Ensures the pump delivers the required pressure and flow during a fire.

• Code Adherence: Meets NFPA 20 and local fire authority regulations.

• System Reliability: Identifies potential defects or performance issues early.

• Insurance Approval: Many insurers require certified pump test results.

Key Standards Involved:

• NFPA 20 – Standard for the Installation of Stationary Fire Pumps

• NFPA 25 – Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems

• UL/FM Guidelines – For listed and approved equipment

2. Prepare in Advance for the Fire Pump Test

Preparation is the single most important factor for passing your test the first time. Follow these steps:

A. Review the Fire Pump Specifications

• Check the rated flow (GPM), rated pressure (PSI), and driver type (electric, diesel, or vertical turbine).

• Verify that the pump curve matches the project requirements.

B. Inspect the Pump and System Components

Before the test, ensure the entire system is in optimal condition:

• Check pump casing, impeller, and shaft for wear or damage.

• Confirm that valves are fully operational and correctly positioned.

• Inspect suction and discharge piping for leaks, obstructions, or improper sizing.

• Ensure the controller is functional and set up according to manufacturer recommendations.

C. Confirm Water Supply Reliability

• Ensure the water source (tank, city main, or reservoir) can deliver the required flow and pressure.

• Verify that strainers and suction screens are clean and unobstructed.

D. Prepare the Test Equipment

• Calibrated flow meters or pitot gauges

• Accurate pressure gauges

• Tachometers for pump speed measurement

• Thermometers for water temperature readings

3. Understand the Testing Process

Most fire pump performance tests involve running the pump under different load conditions to verify its capability. The main test points include:

A. Churn Test (No Flow)

• The pump runs against a closed discharge valve.

• Checks for vibration, overheating, or abnormal sounds.

B. Rated Flow Test

• The pump is tested at its design-rated flow.

• Discharge pressure should match or exceed manufacturer specifications.

C. 150% Flow Test

• The pump must handle 150% of its rated capacity while maintaining at least 65% of rated pressure per NFPA 20.

• This ensures the pump can handle extreme demands during a fire.

Tip: If you fail the 150% flow test, it often points to suction problems or undersized piping.

4. Follow NFPA 20 Compliance Requirements

Passing your test depends on adhering to NFPA 20 guidelines, which regulate pump performance, installation, and testing procedures. Key requirements include:

• Minimum Flow and Pressure: The pump must achieve its rated performance.

• System Reliability: Backup drivers, controllers, and power supplies must be tested.

• Piping and Valves: Proper sizes and types are mandatory.

• Controller Alarms: All alarm conditions must be functional.

Pro Tip: Always have the latest NFPA 20 edition on hand. Using outdated standards is a common cause of test failures.

5. Common Reasons Fire Pumps Fail Performance Tests

Understanding why pumps fail helps you prevent costly retests:

6. Best Practices for a Successful First-Time Pass

To maximize your chances of passing:

A. Conduct a Pre-Test Inspection

Perform a full dry run before the official test, simulating all conditions.

B. Calibrate All Instruments

Inaccurate gauges lead to wrong conclusions and unnecessary failures.

C. Involve a Certified Testing Agency

Work with a qualified fire protection contractor experienced in NFPA 20 testing.

D. Document Everything

Keep complete records of pressure, flow, and operational parameters. Authorities may require documented results for certification.

E. Train Your Team

Ensure that operators and maintenance personnel understand how the pump system works and how to troubleshoot common issues.

7. Post-Test Actions

Even if you pass, proper follow-up ensures long-term system reliability:

• Save all test data and maintain records per NFPA 25.

• Schedule periodic inspections and performance verifications.

• Address minor issues immediately to prevent future failures.

Conclusion

Passing a fire pump performance test on the first try requires thorough preparation, NFPA 20 compliance, and a structured testing approach. By inspecting the system in advance, verifying specifications, ensuring water supply reliability, and working with certified professionals, you can minimize delays, reduce costs, and guarantee your fire pump system operates when it matters most.

At Better Technology Group, we manufacture UL-listed, NFPA 20-compliant fire pumps, including electric, diesel, vertical turbine, and jockey pumps, designed to meet the highest performance standards. If you need technical support, pre-test preparation, or customized fire pump solutions, our experts are here to help.