What Is a Fire Pump Run-to-Failure Strategy—and Should You Use It?

Fire pumps play a critical role in fire protection systems, especially in commercial, industrial, and high-risk facilities. While many facilities invest in regular maintenance to ensure fire pumps remain in optimal condition, some opt for a different approach known as a "run-to-failure" (RTF) strategy.

This article explores what a fire pump run-to-failure strategy is, why some facilities use it, its risks and benefits, and whether it's a viable option for your fire safety needs.

What Does "Run-to-Failure" Mean?

A run-to-failure strategy is a reactive maintenance approach where equipment is allowed to operate until it completely fails. Only after the failure occurs is maintenance or replacement performed. Unlike preventive or predictive maintenance strategies, RTF does not involve regular inspections, performance testing, or component replacements.

In the context of fire pumps, this means the pump and its components (motor, controller, impeller, seals, etc.) are not proactively serviced unless a malfunction occurs or the unit completely stops working.

Why Would Anyone Choose a Run-to-Failure Strategy?

At first glance, it might seem risky—possibly even negligent—to allow a vital safety component like a fire pump to fail before acting. However, the RTF approach is sometimes chosen in specific scenarios:

1. Lower Upfront Maintenance Costs

Run-to-failure eliminates the regular costs associated with inspections, testing, parts replacement, and labor. For budget-conscious facility managers, the immediate financial savings may be appealing.

2. Simplicity

RTF is easy to implement because it doesn’t require planning, scheduling, or tracking maintenance activities. It's a “set it and forget it” model—until failure occurs.

3. Short Equipment Lifespan or Low Usage

In some rare cases where a fire pump is expected to have a short operational life (e.g., during a temporary construction phase), RTF may be considered acceptable, especially if backups are in place.

The High Risks of Using RTF for Fire Pumps

Despite its simplicity and lower short-term costs, a run-to-failure approach can be highly risky when applied to fire protection systems. Here’s why:

1. Failure During a Fire Emergency

The most critical risk is obvious: if your fire pump fails during a fire event, the entire fire protection system could be compromised. Insurance providers, regulatory bodies, and legal teams take such failures seriously.

2. Voiding Compliance and Certifications

Fire pumps must meet NFPA 20, UL, FM Global, and other international fire safety codes. Regular testing and maintenance are often required to remain compliant. A run-to-failure strategy may lead to violations, fines, or loss of certification.

3. Unplanned Downtime

When a fire pump fails, the system is out of service until repairs or replacements are made. This unplanned downtime can delay construction, shut down production lines, or leave buildings vulnerable to fire hazards.

4. Higher Long-Term Costs

Though RTF may save money in the short term, it can lead to costlier emergency repairs, expensive rush replacements, and insurance claim complications—not to mention potential legal liabilities in case of a catastrophic fire loss.

Fire Pump Maintenance: Preventive vs. Run-to-Failure

To understand why most experts recommend against run-to-failure strategies for fire pumps, it’s helpful to compare it to a preventive maintenance strategy.

When Is RTF Ever Justified?

While generally not recommended, there are extremely limited cases where RTF might be considered for fire pumps:

• Non-critical standby systems not required by code

• Duplicate redundant systems where one pump can fail without jeopardizing protection

• Isolated temporary sites with low fire risk and minimal occupancy

• Fully monitored systems with instant failure alerts and rapid response capabilities

Even in these cases, strong risk assessments, insurance approval, and emergency backup plans must be in place.

What the Standards Say

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA 25) provides detailed guidelines for inspection, testing, and maintenance of fire protection systems, including fire pumps. NFPA 25 clearly outlines the importance of routine checks:

• Weekly churn tests

• Annual flow tests

• Monthly visual inspections

• Battery and controller checks

A run-to-failure strategy directly conflicts with these NFPA guidelines and could result in non-compliance, putting the building’s fire protection certification and insurance coverage at risk.

Insurance Implications of Fire Pump Failures

Insurance providers often require proof that fire protection systems are maintained according to code. If a fire occurs and your pump fails—and you had knowingly skipped preventive maintenance—it could result in:

• Denied insurance claims

• Legal liability for damages or injuries

• Increased insurance premiums

Insurance adjusters may request maintenance records, inspection logs, and NFPA compliance documentation after an incident.

Better Alternatives to RTF

Instead of relying on equipment to fail, many building owners implement predictive or condition-based maintenance strategies using sensors and data analytics.

These alternatives provide a middle ground between full-scale preventive maintenance and the high-risk RTF approach:

• Vibration sensors to detect bearing wear

• Thermal imaging to spot overheating components

• Flow monitoring to detect pump degradation

• Remote SCADA systems for real-time alerts

Combining technology with scheduled inspections can greatly improve fire pump reliability and reduce risk.

Final Thoughts: Should You Use a Run-to-Failure Strategy?

For most facilities, the answer is no. Fire pumps are life-safety devices, not optional utilities. The risks of letting them run until they fail far outweigh the perceived short-term savings.

Here’s a quick summary to guide your decision:

• RTF is rarely appropriate for critical fire safety equipment.

• Non-compliance can result in fines, denied insurance claims, or loss of life.

• Regular maintenance ensures fire pump readiness when it matters most.

• Modern monitoring technology offers smart alternatives to full-scale preventive maintenance.

When protecting lives, property, and reputation, proactive maintenance isn’t just the smart choice—it’s the responsible one.

About Us

At Better Technology Group, we manufacture UL listed, NFPA 20 compliant fire pump systems including electric, diesel, and jockey pumps. Our experts can help you design and maintain a fire protection system that prioritizes safety, compliance, and long-term value.

Contact us today to learn more about fire pump solutions tailored to your facility.